Energy Production
ARBOK·NaTEG is a sodium-ion battery whose anode is graphene-like thermally expanded graphite of ARBOK's own manufacture, in place of the hard carbon used industry-wide.
Technology brief
ARBOK·NaTEG is a sodium-ion battery whose anode is graphene-like thermally expanded graphite of ARBOK's own manufacture, in place of the hard carbon used industry-wide.
The challenge
Stationary grid storage and renewable integration, where sodium's cost and resource position outweigh lithium's energy-density advantage. Cold-climate operation, given the −40 to +70 °C range. Fast-cycling duty, given charge times under 10 minutes and cycle life reaching 500,000 in surface mode.
ARBOK solution
ARBOK·NaTEG is a sodium-ion battery whose anode is graphene-like thermally expanded graphite of ARBOK's own manufacture, in place of the hard carbon used industry-wide. Anode surface area is 2,400–3,600 m²/g — four to twelve times that of hard carbon — with interlayer spacing of 0.43–0.60 nm that admits Na⁺ reversibly, where ordinary graphite at 0.335 nm cannot. The material is self-conducting: no carbon black, no conductive additives, no metals in the anode. The decisive advantage is manufacturing: graphene-grade surface area at battery volumes, cheaply and mobilely, is something no one else can produce — graphene cannot be made industrially at scale, and hard carbon does not deliver comparable area.
Sodium ions intercalate reversibly into the expanded interlayer spacing of thermally expanded graphite. Ordinary graphite, at 0.335 nm spacing, cannot accept Na⁺; TEG at 0.43–0.60 nm can. The very high specific surface — 2,400–3,600 m²/g — supports a surface-dominated storage mode, which is what yields the exceptional cycle count.
Because the TEG matrix is itself conductive, the anode needs no carbon black, no conductive additive and no metal content, simplifying the electrode.
Cathode: layered Na-Fe-Mn oxide produced from soda, along a chain running desalination brine → Solvay process → cathode material. A NaTEG-based cathode is in development.
Market and application
Sodium-ion market projected at $8–13 billion by 2035 at approximately 20 % CAGR. Total storage demand approaching 1 TWh/year by 2030. At a 15 % sodium share, stationary-storage anode demand is approximately 45,000–55,000 tonnes per year — the volume against which the mobile TEG production model is sized.
TEG production: approximately $50/kg material cost, at low specific energy input, from mobile production units with substantial per-unit capacity.
Use cases
Stationary grid storage and renewable integration, where sodium's cost and resource position outweigh lithium's energy-density advantage. Cold-climate operation, given the −40 to +70 °C range. Fast-cycling duty, given charge times under 10 minutes and cycle life reaching 500,000 in surface mode.
TEG is produced on compact mobile units at the point of use, running on diesel or gas at substantial per-unit capacity, which removes the material logistics that constrain graphene-based approaches.
Cell assembly, cathode supply chain and installation follow standard battery-manufacturing practice, integrated with the TEG production units and the desalination-brine cathode feedstock chain described above.
EXTRACAP · AEROGRAPH (Graphene AeroGel) · LiGra-BATTERY(Lithium-Graphene) · MAGNA (Metal-Graphene)
The cathode feedstock chain connects to ARBOK desalination and brine processing — the same brine that yields water and salt supplies the soda for Na-Fe-Mn cathode production.
ARBOK·NaTEG is a sodium-ion battery whose anode is graphene-like thermally expanded graphite of ARBOK's own manufacture, in place of the hard carbon used industry-wide. Anode surface area is 2,400–3,600 m²/g — four to twelve times that of hard carbon — with interlayer spacing of 0.43–0.60 nm that admits Na⁺ reversibly, where ordinary graphite at 0.335 nm cannot. The material is self-conducting: no carbon black, no conductive additives, no metals in the anode. The decisive advantage is manufacturing: graphene-grade surface area at battery volumes, cheaply and mobilely, is something no one else can produce — graphene cannot be made industrially at scale, and hard carbon does not deliver comparable area.
Stationary grid storage and renewable integration, where sodium's cost and resource position outweigh lithium's energy-density advantage. Cold-climate operation, given the −40 to +70 °C range. Fast-cycling duty, given charge times under 10 minutes and cycle life reaching 500,000 in surface mode.
Sodium ions intercalate reversibly into the expanded interlayer spacing of thermally expanded graphite. Ordinary graphite, at 0.335 nm spacing, cannot accept Na⁺; TEG at 0.43–0.60 nm can. The very high specific surface — 2,400–3,600 m²/g — supports a surface-dominated storage mode, which is what yields the exceptional cycle count.
Because the TEG matrix is itself conductive, the anode needs no carbon black, no conductive additive and no metal content, simplifying the electrode.
Cathode: layered Na-Fe-Mn oxide produced from soda, along a chain running desalination brine → Solvay process → cathode material. A NaTEG-based cathode is in development.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Anode surface area | 2,400–3,600 m²/g (4–12× hard carbon) |
| Interlayer spacing | 0.43–0.60 nm (graphite 0.335 nm does not admit Na⁺) |
| Conductivity | self-conducting — no carbon black, no additives, no metals in anode |
| Cathode | layered Na-Fe-Mn oxide from soda (brine → Solvay → cathode) |
| Cell voltage | 3.1 V |
| Energy density | 150–175 Wh/kg |
| Charge time | <10 minutes |
| Cycle life | up to 500,000 cycles (surface mode) |
| Operating temperature | −40 to +70 °C |
| TEG production rate | high-throughput mobile production units; capacity scales by adding units |
| TEG production cost | ~$50/kg |
| TEG production energy | low specific energy consumption |
Anode: graphene-grade thermally expanded graphite, self-conducting, no additives.
Cathode: layered Na-Fe-Mn oxide sourced from soda; NaTEG cathode under development.
TEG supply: compact mobile production units running on diesel or gas, with substantial per-unit capacity, sited at the customer's location rather than shipped from a central plant.
Material: four to twelve times the anode surface area of hard carbon; interlayer spacing that admits sodium where graphite cannot; self-conducting matrix eliminating carbon black and conductive additives; no metals in the anode.
Performance: 150–175 Wh/kg at 3.1 V; charge in under 10 minutes; up to 500,000 cycles in surface mode; operation from −40 to +70 °C.
Manufacturing and strategic: TEG producible at high throughput from compact mobile units at roughly $50/kg and low specific energy consumption. Graphene cannot be manufactured industrially at these volumes and hard carbon cannot reach this surface area, so the material position is not readily replicable.
Supply chain: cathode feedstock derives from desalination brine through the Solvay process — sodium rather than lithium, nickel or cobalt.
EXTRACAP · AEROGRAPH (Graphene AeroGel) · LiGra-BATTERY(Lithium-Graphene) · MAGNA (Metal-Graphene)
The cathode feedstock chain connects to ARBOK desalination and brine processing — the same brine that yields water and salt supplies the soda for Na-Fe-Mn cathode production.
TEG is produced on compact mobile units at the point of use, running on diesel or gas at substantial per-unit capacity, which removes the material logistics that constrain graphene-based approaches.
Cell assembly, cathode supply chain and installation follow standard battery-manufacturing practice, integrated with the TEG production units and the desalination-brine cathode feedstock chain described above.
TRL 6.
TEG production itself is established at industrial rate, at approximately $50/kg. The NaTEG cathode is stated as in development. No formal TRL rating for the complete cell is recorded in the base.
Sodium-ion market projected at $8–13 billion by 2035 at approximately 20 % CAGR. Total storage demand approaching 1 TWh/year by 2030. At a 15 % sodium share, stationary-storage anode demand is approximately 45,000–55,000 tonnes per year — the volume against which the mobile TEG production model is sized.
TEG production: approximately $50/kg material cost, at low specific energy input, from mobile production units with substantial per-unit capacity.
The NaTEG cathode is still in development, so the current configuration depends on conventional Na-Fe-Mn oxide. No formal TRL rating exists for the assembled cell, and the headline figures — 500,000 cycles, sub-10-minute charge, 150–175 Wh/kg — appear without a stated validation source in the base. The 500,000-cycle figure applies specifically to surface mode and should not be generalised. Sodium-ion energy density remains below lithium, which confines the technology to stationary and cold-climate roles rather than mobility.
EXTRACAP · AEROGRAPH (Graphene AeroGel) · LiGra-BATTERY(Lithium-Graphene) · MAGNA (Metal-Graphene) · ARBOK-Cesium
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