Waste Management
ARBOK-VC (Vacuum Cracking, a.k.a. Cold Cracking) is the core hydrocarbon-processing platform: it converts pyrolysis oil and other waste-derived oils into high-grade fuels and chemical feedstocks at ambient temperature under deep vacuum.
Technology brief
ARBOK-VC (Vacuum Cracking, a.k.a. Cold Cracking) is the core hydrocarbon-processing platform: it converts pyrolysis oil and other waste-derived oils into high-grade fuels and chemical feedstocks at ambient temperature under deep vacuum.
The challenge
Primary use cases: upgrading pyrolysis oil (tires, plastics, biomass), refinery residues, and waste lubricants into transport fuels and chemicals; decentralized waste-to-fuel.
Outputs/uses: gasoline, kerosene (Jet A-1 equiv.), diesel, paraffins (pharma/cosmetics), technical sulfur, carbon/metals, bitumen, industrial salts.
Industries and users: refiners, pyrolysis-plant operators, waste-to-fuel hubs.
Scale: modular 10 t/day to 100 t/day+ urban hubs.
ARBOK solution
ARBOK-VC (Vacuum Cracking, a.k.a. Cold Cracking) is the core hydrocarbon-processing platform: it converts pyrolysis oil and other waste-derived oils into high-grade fuels and chemical feedstocks at ambient temperature under deep vacuum. Using vacuum-phase cold distillation plus graphene-enhanced catalytic polishing — no hydrogenation, no aggressive chemistry — it yields Euro-5 gasoline, Jet A-1-equivalent kerosene, diesel, paraffins, sulfur, bitumen, and recovered salts/water at 1–2.5 kWh/ton of electricity, with no heat input at all and 98 % internal recuperation. Many ARBOK oil/gas solutions (GUDRON, SULPHUR, CHLORIDE, etc.) are applications of this platform.
What the name means. "Cracking" in refining normally denotes scission of carbon–carbon bonds — heavy molecules broken into light ones, which classically requires 450–550 °C in a thermal or catalytic cracker, or hydrogen over a catalyst in a hydrocracker. ARBOK-VC does not do that, and does not need to. In pyrolysis liquid the cracking has already happened: thermal decomposition of the polymer or rubber feedstock produced the light molecules, and they are already present in the mixture. The refinery route then re-heats that mixture to separate them. ARBOK separates the same molecules at the temperature of the surroundings. The unit is a separator, not a reactor, and no C–C bond is broken inside it.
Separation. Under deep vacuum the mixture is separated by volatility and density in a single pass. Coarser solids and dissolved matter — carbon, metals, paraffins, brines, bitumen — settle and are withdrawn through a multi-outlet drain system in the main block. The evaporating phase is taken off in sequential cuts corresponding to gasoline, kerosene, and diesel boiling ranges — each far below its atmospheric-pressure equivalent, because the whole separation runs under deep vacuum. The finer particulate and vapour fraction is separated out using Arbok-Separation.
Polishing. The gasoline cut alone is finished in a small Arbok-CC block over ARBOK's own graphene-grade material: isomerization and alkylation raise the octane number to 92–95. This step rearranges and combines molecules; it does not crack them. The graphene material is regenerated in a closed loop and is therefore not consumed, which is why it is not part of the delivered equipment set.
Salt recovery. Brines evaporate at the temperature of the surroundings with no additional energy input, and chlorides and sulfates crystallize out as dry product.
No heating, no combustion, no hydrogen, no reagents, no membranes, no consumables.
Limitations: feed composition variability; graphene-loop maintenance; product certification per fuel grade.
Market and application
Pyrolysis oil (from tires, plastics, biomass), refinery residues, and waste lubricants are large, growing waste streams under pressure to be valorized. A low-energy, hydrogen-free, decentralized upgrader to Euro-5 fuels fits waste-to-fuel hubs globally.
10 t/day on pyrolysis oil: $6,350–8,660/day → $2.32–3.16 million/year gross.
10 t/day on heavy crude: $3,910–5,030/day → $1.43–1.84 million/year gross.
100 t/day on pyrolysis oil: $63,500–86,600/day → $23.2–31.6 million/year (urban waste-to-fuel hub).
100 t/day on heavy crude: $39,100–50,300/day → $14.3–18.4 million/year.
Single wellhead unit, 15 t/day of heavy crude = 99.3 bbl/day: uplift $2,880–3,377/day → $1.05–1.23 million/year over selling the same crude raw.
OPEX $20–30/t.
Use cases
Primary use cases: upgrading pyrolysis oil (tires, plastics, biomass), refinery residues, and waste lubricants into transport fuels and chemicals; decentralized waste-to-fuel.
Outputs/uses: gasoline, kerosene (Jet A-1 equiv.), diesel, paraffins (pharma/cosmetics), technical sulfur, carbon/metals, bitumen, industrial salts.
Industries and users: refiners, pyrolysis-plant operators, waste-to-fuel hubs.
Scale: modular 10 t/day to 100 t/day+ urban hubs.
Steps: feed assay → unit sizing → install near feedstock → commissioning. Continuous, modular; decentralized or centralized; licensing and BOT deployment.
Integrates with pyrolysis plants and refinery residue streams; underpins ARBOK oil/gas applications (GUDRON, SULPHUR, CHLORIDE, ORR); optional energy autonomy via ARBOK-TURBIO; licensing/BOT models.
ARBOK-VC (Vacuum Cracking, a.k.a. Cold Cracking) is the core hydrocarbon-processing platform: it converts pyrolysis oil and other waste-derived oils into high-grade fuels and chemical feedstocks at ambient temperature under deep vacuum. Using vacuum-phase cold distillation plus graphene-enhanced catalytic polishing — no hydrogenation, no aggressive chemistry — it yields Euro-5 gasoline, Jet A-1-equivalent kerosene, diesel, paraffins, sulfur, bitumen, and recovered salts/water at 1–2.5 kWh/ton of electricity, with no heat input at all and 98 % internal recuperation. Many ARBOK oil/gas solutions (GUDRON, SULPHUR, CHLORIDE, etc.) are applications of this platform.
Primary use cases: upgrading pyrolysis oil (tires, plastics, biomass), refinery residues, and waste lubricants into transport fuels and chemicals; decentralized waste-to-fuel.
Outputs/uses: gasoline, kerosene (Jet A-1 equiv.), diesel, paraffins (pharma/cosmetics), technical sulfur, carbon/metals, bitumen, industrial salts.
Industries and users: refiners, pyrolysis-plant operators, waste-to-fuel hubs.
Scale: modular 10 t/day to 100 t/day+ urban hubs.
What the name means. "Cracking" in refining normally denotes scission of carbon–carbon bonds — heavy molecules broken into light ones, which classically requires 450–550 °C in a thermal or catalytic cracker, or hydrogen over a catalyst in a hydrocracker. ARBOK-VC does not do that, and does not need to. In pyrolysis liquid the cracking has already happened: thermal decomposition of the polymer or rubber feedstock produced the light molecules, and they are already present in the mixture. The refinery route then re-heats that mixture to separate them. ARBOK separates the same molecules at the temperature of the surroundings. The unit is a separator, not a reactor, and no C–C bond is broken inside it.
Separation. Under deep vacuum the mixture is separated by volatility and density in a single pass. Coarser solids and dissolved matter — carbon, metals, paraffins, brines, bitumen — settle and are withdrawn through a multi-outlet drain system in the main block. The evaporating phase is taken off in sequential cuts corresponding to gasoline, kerosene, and diesel boiling ranges — each far below its atmospheric-pressure equivalent, because the whole separation runs under deep vacuum. The finer particulate and vapour fraction is separated out using Arbok-Separation.
Polishing. The gasoline cut alone is finished in a small Arbok-CC block over ARBOK's own graphene-grade material: isomerization and alkylation raise the octane number to 92–95. This step rearranges and combines molecules; it does not crack them. The graphene material is regenerated in a closed loop and is therefore not consumed, which is why it is not part of the delivered equipment set.
Salt recovery. Brines evaporate at the temperature of the surroundings with no additional energy input, and chlorides and sulfates crystallize out as dry product.
No heating, no combustion, no hydrogen, no reagents, no membranes, no consumables.
Limitations: feed composition variability; graphene-loop maintenance; product certification per fuel grade.
Conditions: ambient temperature, under deep vacuum; a broad multi-fraction boiling range spanning light gasoline through diesel-range hydrocarbons.
Energy.
Electricity: ARBOK-VC 1–2.5 kWh/t; conventional refining 15–25 kWh/t (pumps, compressors, vacuum system only). Ratio 6–25×.
Heat: conventional refining burns 2–3 % of the feed itself in its furnaces — 230–350 kWh of heat per tonne. ARBOK-VC has no heat input at all.
Total energy: 248–375 kWh/t conventional vs 1–2.5 kWh/t ARBOK-VC — two orders of magnitude.
Internal recuperation: 98 %.
Mass balance. Marketable liquids and solids: 865 kg per 1 t of feed = 86.5 %. Gas ~120 kg, recycled in a closed loop or taken for heat and power; total accounted mass 98.5 %.
Input (pyrolysis oil): aromatics 40–60 %, olefins 20–30 %, paraffins 10–20 %, naphthenes 5–10 %, sulfur ~10 000 ppm, water 1–5 %, solids 0.08–0.5 %.
Feed density 0.85–0.95 g/cm³. Fraction densities: gasoline 0.73–0.78, kerosene 0.80–0.83, diesel 0.83–0.85 g/cm³.
Output per 1 t of feed:
| Product | Mass | Volume | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gasoline fraction | 299 kg | 396 l | <10 ppm S, octane 92–95, AI-92/95 Euro-5 grade |
| Kerosene fraction | 251 kg | 308 l | 100–150 ppm S, flash point 38–40 °C, Jet A-1 equivalent after polishing |
| Diesel fraction | 148 kg | 176 l | 50–100 ppm S, cetane 45–50, Euro-5 equivalent after polishing |
| Paraffins | 100 kg | — | C18–C30, melting point 45–60 °C, cosmetics and pharma |
| Bitumen | 50 kg | — | high-molecular hydrocarbons |
| Sulfur | 9.94 kg | — | to sulfuric acid and fertilizer |
| Salts | 4.5 kg | — | chlorides (NaCl) and sulfates (CaSO₄) |
| Solids | 3 kg | — | carbon black and metals |
| Liquids and solids | 865 kg | | 86.5 % of feed |
| Gas | ~120 kg | — | recycled in a closed loop or taken for heat and power |
Revenue. All product values are European wholesale prices, excluding excise and VAT. Feedstocks are priced separately: the product slate differs.
Basket from 1 t of pyrolysis oil: $635–866 per tonne.
Basket from 1 t of heavy crude: $391–503 per tonne = $59–76 per barrel.
Conventional route on the same heavy crude: $30–42 per barrel.
Uplift: $29–34 per barrel — revenue efficiency 181–197 %.
Vacuum cold-distillation column; multi-outlet solids/brine separator; Arbok-CC graphene catalytic polishing (isomerization/alkylation); built-in desalination/crystallization; graphene-regeneration loop; control system. Continuous, modular, compact.
Technical: ambient-temperature, no hydrogen/hydrotreatment; Euro-5 / Jet A-1 quality; reusable graphene catalyst; built-in desalination.
Economic: OPEX $20–30/t = $3.0–4.5 per barrel, against $10–15 per barrel ($66–99/t) direct operating cost of a complex refinery and $5–10 per barrel ($33–66/t) of a simple one. Ratio 2.2–5×. Electricity 1–2.5 vs 15–25 kWh/t, plus the 230–350 kWh/t of furnace heat ARBOK-VC does not spend. CAPEX 3–5× lower.
Environmental: zero combustion emissions, no VOC release, 86.5 % of feed mass to marketable liquids and solids, compact footprint.
Strategic: decentralized waste-to-fuel near feedstock; the base platform for ARBOK oil/gas applications.
Integrates with pyrolysis plants and refinery residue streams; underpins ARBOK oil/gas applications (GUDRON, SULPHUR, CHLORIDE, ORR); optional energy autonomy via ARBOK-TURBIO; licensing/BOT models.
Steps: feed assay → unit sizing → install near feedstock → commissioning. Continuous, modular; decentralized or centralized; licensing and BOT deployment.
TRL 9 (confirmed by Michael). Industrially proven; gasoline and kerosene meet EN 228 / Jet A-1 specs; industrial-scale deployment ready.
Pyrolysis oil (from tires, plastics, biomass), refinery residues, and waste lubricants are large, growing waste streams under pressure to be valorized. A low-energy, hydrogen-free, decentralized upgrader to Euro-5 fuels fits waste-to-fuel hubs globally.
10 t/day on pyrolysis oil: $6,350–8,660/day → $2.32–3.16 million/year gross.
10 t/day on heavy crude: $3,910–5,030/day → $1.43–1.84 million/year gross.
100 t/day on pyrolysis oil: $63,500–86,600/day → $23.2–31.6 million/year (urban waste-to-fuel hub).
100 t/day on heavy crude: $39,100–50,300/day → $14.3–18.4 million/year.
Single wellhead unit, 15 t/day of heavy crude = 99.3 bbl/day: uplift $2,880–3,377/day → $1.05–1.23 million/year over selling the same crude raw.
OPEX $20–30/t.
Feed-composition variability; fuel-grade certification and offtake; graphene-loop durability; competition with established refining; scale-up from pilot.
ARBOK-GUDRON · ARBOK-SULPHUR · Arbok-Pyrolysis · ARBOK-CHLORIDE
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Partnership pathway